State of Malawi Climate 2025

The report presents an integrated analysis of observed climatic conditions, including rainfall and temperature patterns, extreme weather events, and their socio-economic impacts. It further examines key large-scale and regional climate drivers such as sea surface temperature variability, the El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and their influence on Malawi’s climate system.